Optimalisasi Promosi Kesehatan dan Aktivitas Fisik sebagai Strategi Preventif Determinan Stunting
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61116/jp3t.v4i2.1013Keywords:
Promosi Kesehatan, Aktivitas Fisik, Preventif, StuntingAbstract
Stunting merupakan masalah gizi kronis yang masih menjadi tantangan utama dalam pembangunan kesehatan, khususnya di negara berkembang termasuk Indonesia. Kondisi ini tidak hanya berdampak pada pertumbuhan fisik anak, tetapi juga berpengaruh terhadap perkembangan kognitif, kesehatan jangka panjang, dan produktivitas di masa depan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji determinan stunting serta menganalisis peran pendekatan promosi kesehatan dan aktivitas fisik dalam upaya pencegahan dan penanganannya. Metode yang digunakan adalah systematic literature review (SLR) dengan mengacu pada pedoman PRISMA. Pencarian literatur dilakukan melalui database PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, dan Google Scholar dengan rentang tahun publikasi 2020–2025. Sebanyak 20 artikel yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dianalisis secara deskriptif-tematik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa determinan stunting meliputi faktor langsung seperti asupan gizi dan infeksi, faktor tidak langsung seperti pola asuh, sanitasi, dan akses layanan kesehatan, serta faktor dasar seperti kondisi sosial ekonomi dan pendidikan ibu. Promosi kesehatan terbukti berperan dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan dan perubahan perilaku keluarga terkait gizi dan pengasuhan anak, sementara aktivitas fisik mendukung perkembangan motorik dan kesehatan anak secara keseluruhan. Integrasi antara intervensi gizi, promosi kesehatan, aktivitas fisik, dan perbaikan lingkungan menjadi strategi yang lebih efektif dalam menurunkan prevalensi stunting. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan pendekatan multisektoral dan berbasis komunitas yang berkelanjutan untuk mengoptimalkan upaya pencegahan stunting.
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